Political Science is that part of social science which deals with the foundations of the state and the principles of the government and political behavior. It explores the theoretical and practical aspects of politics, both at the national and international levels, with a focus on understanding political institutions, ideologies, and the dynamics of power.
The
great Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to use the term ‘politics’ and
is therefore regarded as the ‘father of Political Science’. He is recognized
for his systematic and analytical approach to the study of politics and
government, which laid the foundation for the discipline. His work
"Politics" is a foundational text in political philosophy, examining
constitutions, forms of government, and the nature of the state. His work
continues to influence political thought and the study of politics today.
Definition
of Political Science
Traditional
definition: These early definitions of political science dealt generally with
state and government.
- Paul Janet, “Political Science is that part of social science which treats the foundations of the State and the principles of government.”
- Dr. J.W Garner, “Political Science begins and ends with the state.”
- R G Gettel wrote that Politics is the “study of the state in the past, present and future."
- Stephen Leacock, “Political Science deals with the Government.”
Modern
definition: In the beginning of the 20th century there developed a new way of
looking at political science. This new approach is known as behavioural
approach. The main thrust of the new view is the treatment of politics as an
activity and a process.
Harold
Laswell: “Politics is the study of influence and the influential” or “the study
of the shaping and sharing of power.”
David
Easton: “Politics is the authoritative allocation of values.”
Catlin:
“Political Science is the study of the act of human and social control”.
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